Travel Well

There is a Norse charm called the Vegvísir.  It comes from the Huld Manuscript, which was collected in Iceland in approx. 1860, but allegedly contains much older information. The Vegvísir (Iclandic for "sign post") is intended to provide the holder of the charm with the ability to pass through rough weather without getting lost.

[Edit, May 2014: The original Huld Manuscript image is given below by request.]

The internet has tons of images of this charm. Most of these images are photos of tattoos, already indellible in someone's skin. Unfortunately, I found all of them to be wrong. Looking at the original manuscript will reveal that there are lines making up the Vegvísir symbols that are not present on the internet versions. So if you plan to make and use this charm, particularly in a permanent capacity (like a tattoo), you will want to get it right.

The Vegvísir is made up of eight staves radiating from a center point. Each of the staves terminate in a combination of lines that make up a symbol. It is speculated that these symbols are created in much the same method as bind runes, but instead using the Ogham tree alphabet.

The original drawing of this charm in the Huld Manuscript is represented as fitting inside a square. The staves of the charm at 2, 5, 7 and 10 o'clock are longer than the others so as to fit into the imagined corners of the square. However, little change is made to the power of the charm by making the staves all the same length. This effectively fits the charm inside a circle. There is no change to the charm because the symbols themselves have not changed.

This popular block-line representation is a good example of what you will find online:

But when we draw the charm from the original manuscript in the same block-line style, we see this:

It may be difficult to see the differences, so let's compare them side by side. The popular charm is on the left, while the correct charm is on the right; the differences are indicated by the red arrows.

These changes may not seem like much. But given the subtleties of both the Rune and the Ogham alphabets, the addition or subtraction of a single line can completely change the meaning of a stave.

Do yourself a favor before your next tattoo. Make sure that the magickal symbol you are going to be wearing for the rest of your life is the symbol you think it is. 

If you would like a clean version of the correct Vegvísir that is large and free of red arrows, just write to me at fen.alraun@gmail.com and I will send it to you. DO NOT PUT YOUR EMAIL IN THE COMMENTS SECTION!

Note, 9/6/2014: I have modified the original, high res drawing to create a version that is square and without any interior circle, just as is the original manuscript drawing. It is also available by email request. I can also provide a cleaned-up, high contrast version of the original manuscript image. However, I will not be your tattoo designer. If you want to modify what I send you, that's up to you, but please don't ask me to modify the designs to be exactly what you want. 

Note, 9/13/2014: I want to address a couple of questions that I get rather frequently about this charm. Before I do so, I should note that no one has yet interpreted this charm with any confidence. What I state about this charm is based solely on my experience with charms in history, folklore and contemporary magickal studies (both eclectic and ceremonial).

The idea that the symbols at the end of each stave come from Ogham, which is an Irish magical alphabet, originally seemed unlikely. The Gemanic people had their own alphabet that they believed to be divine. Replacing it with another seemed preposterous. However, I should note that there is no indication that this charm is any older than 1860. The Huld Manuscript has been claimed to represent information that is older than its date, but that is only speculation by one contemporary author. So it is highly possible that the manuscript writer was influenced by scholarship on the Ogham alphabet.

The rest of the manuscript likely includes all of the information to understand the charms themselves. It gives 379 lists of numeral systems, runes and symbolic alphabets. Some appear to be based on runes, but those toward the end of the work appear to take major influence from the angelic symbols created by the writings of Dr. John Dee in the late sixteenth century, which had a profound impact on the Rosicrucians and nearly every Western Mystery school since his time. As the nineteenth century was experiencing a surge in interest in mysticism, this is not surprising.

Modern representations of this charm show it with two elements that were not present in the original image. The first is a central ring, which is generally empty. My own thoughts on this variation is that its presence does not change the symbol. The ring simply represents the self, as would the converging lines at the center of the charm. In the same way that a zero holds the same value as a blank space, an empty ring would represent the same meaning as no ring at all.

A second common design seen these days is an outer ring of runes. This is merely a design choice and bears no meaning to the usefulness of the charm. Most often, this ring is simply the whole runic alphabet written clockwise around the outer edge - the equivalent of writing ABCDEFG...XYZ around the outside of the design. To the contemporary eye, this design may appear like a preschool mnemonic device for the alphabet, (which would not be a very adult tattoo). But to the ancient Germanic people, their system of writing was more than that, it was a gift of divine symbols. To represent them as a design in this manner might be considered quite wonderful. As for using the design with the Vegvísir, my personal opinion is to keep any charm unadorned and un-disturbed by markings that do not belong. 

I was questioned in the past if the charm must be presented in any particular orientation. I do not believe that it must. Most charms that are directional have some kind of indication of their orientation. Most often, this is a string of text, the reading of which promotes a logic to the orientation of a charm. Where that kind of indication is not obvious, the charm will have a symbol to indicate the top. Most of the time this is a symbol for the divine, which is commonly represented near the top as a gesture of respect. This is seen frequently in the seals of Solomon as a small six-rayed star. Runic writing was regularly written in any direction. It has been found written from top to bottom, bottom to top, left to right, right to left, in spirals and labyrinths. The goal of runes is to communicate by presenting information. Those who are literate have been taught to understand context and do not need to apply rules of orientation. Based on this, I do not believe that orientation is important. I believe the charm is intended to ward against 8 kinds of threats to promote safe travel, so long as the symbols on each stave are correctly drawn.

For a very thorough page of scholarship on the Vegvísir, as well as other similar charms, see Joseph's work at: http://users.on.net/~starbase/galdrastafir/galdrastafir.htm

I've had many requests for the "correct" Vegvísir drawing over the past year. I would love to see some of the tattoos that are now carrying this correct charm around the globe. If I send you the drawing of the correct charm, please send back pics of your completed tattoo. 

Update 10/31/2014: Merry Samhain and a Happy Pagan New Year to all! Mexx, one of my readers, has agreed to provide a pic of his new Vegvísir tattoo! I think it turned out really well (the symbol on the right). It is coupled with the Ægishjálmur, which is customarily called "the Helm of Awe" (on the left). They are great examples of using the runic alphabet as a decorative border. Thanks, Mexx!

Mexx with correct Vegvísir on the right

Update 6/22/2015: Thanks to Google, some of the updates I have been doing lately got wiped away. So I apologize if your tattoo was erased. I'm going to try to put them back.

Here is the tattoo of Rodrigo from Brasil. He elected to go with the original manuscript lines. Classic and powerful!

Rodrigo's Vegvísir 

This is what Rik from Rotterdam chose. He decided that the round design was right for him. It looks great!

Rik's Vegvísir 

One of my readers, Cheradenine, sent an image of his tat, which he got several years ago. Thanks for sharing!

Vegvisir on Cheradenine

Randy went with the square design. It turned out great!

Randy's Vegvísir

Natalie put one on her leg! Safe travels!

Natalie's Vegvísir

Here's Charith's Vegvísir, done with some shading. Well done!

Charith's Vegvísir

Update 11/14/2016: Over the years of thinking about this charm, I played with the idea that each stave might represent a ward against one of eight different kinds of threats to travel. But in recent months my mind has taken a different path. Since it is a charm against getting lost, I began to speculate that each stave is a door key or charm of orientation to travel the 8 Norse world (Earth, Midgard, is the center, so it doesn't have a charm). In other words, perhaps this is a charm for trance/journey work for use by a Northern Shaman. I've decided that the possibility of this could only be determined by "translating" or uncovering the meaning behind each stave.

However, I'm also considering that there may not be any meaning for each separate stave. Perhaps each stave is not a separate charm with its own meaning and only together do they create the charm against getting lost. That mentality may be driven by the idea of bind runes, which the staves on the charm very much resemble. Bind runes are charms made of several other glyphs, each with their own meaning when alone. In this case, the whole charm, simply is the whole charm. We wouldn't look at the letter P and ask, "what does the round bump mean?" or "then what does the lower stalk under the bump mean?" We would simply take it for what it is, as a whole. The Vegvísir, though a complex arrangement of lines and curves, is the entirety of the charm. Breaking it apart would be just as useless as breaking up the letter P into its parts but expecting to still read the sound in that letter.

Here's How Becky's tattoo turned out. I think the foot was a highly appropriate place to put her tat.

Vegvísir on Becky's foot

Ismael put it in the center of his back. How wonderful!

Ismael's Vegvísir

Dagmar used the design directly from the manuscript. Very well done.

Dagmar's Vegvísir

And Melody did the same. This is becoming a very popular design of this charm.

Melody's Vegvísir

Here is GK's version of the charm.

GK's Vegvísir

I wanted to include Bev's tattoo also, since it is so attractive. She linked to it earlier in the comments.

Bev's Vegvísir

This is a shot from Nick's photo shoot. You can see the amazing design of the charm with an arrow through it.

Nick's Vegvísir

Topher is apparently a collector of tattoos and he recently added the charm to his collection.

Topher's Vegvísir

Update: 8/25/2017: There are one or two points that I feel it important to state obviously, because so many of my fellow online writers seem unable or unwilling to do so. I have already mentioned these accurately above, but I hope to make these points abundantly clear here. 

First, the earliest known date for the Vegvísir is 1880, which is the age of the text in which it was first found. That text is the Huld Manuscript. The charm was not part of the Galdrabok and anyone claiming that is in error. The charm was published at the end of Stephen Flowers' 1989 work The Galdrabok: an Icelandic Grimoire, after his translation of the actual Galdrabok, in an appendix called, "Appendix A: Other Icelandic Sources." Flowers specifically gives the date of the charm in that text, but so many readers hungry to find some nugget of ancient knowledge seem to gloss over the date, incorrectly attributing this charm to the Galdrabok itself. There have been other representations of the charm, but always later than the Huld Manuscript.

Second, Flowers writes of the date of the Huld manuscript, "The material contained in these spells is, however, much older, as can be seen when compared to the contents of the Galdrabok" (p. 83). Based on what comparison? His claim should more correctly be characterized as his own speculation. He cites no sources and does not describe his comparative methodology. I find it a feature of poor writing to state a speculative claim as if it was fact. A good writer assumes that the reader might not be able to follow the trail of logic being presented, so one should describe it. Simply writing "as can be seen" is an assuming way of sounding scholarly while placing the burden of executing the comparison with the reader, thus side-stepping any need to specify the comparisons directly. It's obfuscation at its best. It would be more accurate to claim, "I believe the material contained in these spells is, however, much older, after a comparison to the contents of the Galdrabok." He should then reveal what comparisons led him to this conclusion.

For those interested in leaving a comment, don’t be one of these people:
   Q: “You know those runes that are often written around the charm online? What do they mean?”  (No example provided)
   A: No, I’m afraid I can’t read your mind through the internet; but even if I could, I’m not a linguist and I cannot read the runes in their original language; but, even if I could, I would do what the rest of that industry does and charge you a fee for asking for a translation service.

   Q: “What do each of the sides of the charm mean?”
   A: No one really knows. This blog contains all the speculation that springs from that lack of knowing. Did you miss that part?

   Q: “Can you send me the charm, only change it by adding runes and the style and the ...”
   A: No! I can’t send you what I don’t have. I’m not your personal tattoo designer. I’ve clearly stated what I have to offer. The rest is up to you.

A Survey of Florida Water, the Hoodoo Holy Water

Florida water is a traditional scent blend of unisex perfume, or more correctly, an eau de toilette. When one blends notes of citrus, lavender and a spice like cinnamon and/or clove, one has blended “Florida Water.” At one time, there was no one correct formula for this scent. It was usually made by pharmacists (“druggists” or “chemists”) to meet the demand in their area, though large companies were manufacturing it for sale world-wide. Pharmaceutical trade publications printed dozens of formula suggestions over the years for druggists to blend in their stores. Formulations for this scent stayed relatively close to a culturally accepted scent concept so that passers-by would know that one was wearing florida water as opposed to something else, like rose water or geranium water.

Because the scent was inexpensive, readily available and socially endorsed, it became a perfume useful for making any environment pleasant to the visitation of ancestral spirits. Over time, it became the scent necessary for attraction of all things positive.

The Lanman and Kemp-Barclay company has been the largest commercial producer of the eau de toilette for two hundred years. The Lanman and Kemp-Barclay history page states that the name of this scent is derived from the fabled fountain of youth that Spanish explorers believed was present in Florida. Since that time the name “Florida Water” has become a protected trademark. In 1901, Lanman and Kemp Barclay sued another producer and secured a trademark of the name, “Florida Water.” Unfortunately, the name “Florida Water” is no longer a suitable title for what once was a cultural blend, because if you attempt to sell your cultural blend, you are breaking the law. A new name of the classic blend might be found by returning to the apothecary tradition of using Latin descriptors to name compounds. The Latin phrase “aqua florida” means “blooming water.”

Like many inexpensive perfumes of today, manufacturers no longer use pure essential oils and clean solvents. Instead, chemical-laced denatured solvents and artificial “fragrances” are all that companies are willing to provide. Those who seek a quality product, free of the “fake” smell present in manufactured florida water, have no other option than to make the scent themselves.

A popular contemporary proponent and teacher of hoodoo practices features heavily the use of the artificial product in her writings. Naturally, she offers the manufactured scent for sale in her store. I am left to wonder how any magickal working is supposed to feel powerful by virtue of the special meaning placed on the ceremony, when the atmosphere is scented by an artificial and cheaply produced bottle of chemicals rather than a painstakingly produced bouquet of natural essences.

The writer’s hoodoo information site provides a recipe for florida water, for those who feel interested in making their own. Her formula is widely copied throughout cyberspace with little consideration for the validity of the formula, or any credit that should be due the author. My own survey of historic florida water recipes leaves me with the idea that her recipe, which is from 1937, is somewhat non-traditional, if not slightly misleading. The recipe includes both musk and jasmine, two scents which are possibly disagreeable in florida water.

For florida water to be truly unisex, as was proposed in Victorian manuals of etiquette, excessively flowery notes could not predominate. The blend was touted as a summer refresher and skin tonic, which would have been inappropriate for use by the working gentleman if flowery notes predominated. In the May 26, 1902 issue of The America Druggist and Pharmaceutical Record, this opinion is efficiently stated on p. 280:

Some of the ingredients often seen in formulas and the use of which are to be avoided, are musk, rose, rose geranium, citronella, orris and the floral odors from pomade washings of their synthetic equivalents. The addition of these sometimes gives an odor that is positively disagreeable and invariably impart a cloying quality or heaviness that effectively kills the refreshing odor that should be a characteristic of a good Florida Water.

The earliest Florida Water recipe I found came from the Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal, November, 1875. That recipe had only six scents, the most minor of which was musk. I found musk present in ten (plus one suggesting it be optional) out of forty four recipes between the years of 1875 and 1920. Rose was present in only twelve of the recipes and jasmine in only one. Compare this with bergamot, which is present in all but five recipes, and lavender, which is missing in only one recipe, and these flowery scents become unnecessary and forgettable.

In the September 1902 issue of American Druggist and Pharmaceutical Record, another formula is given on p. 186 with the notice that “Florida Water is simply a spiced lavender water.” That recipe adds some surprising notes of caraway and spearmint, all of which would create a cooling affect in summer, while adding a spicy note by way of a scent less sharp than cinnamon or clove.

The only scents that are clearly common to most of the recipes are citrus in the largest quantity (made up of combinations of bergamot, lemon, orange, and neroli), lavender, and a spicy note (often cinnamon and/or clove, but possibly others). In all cases, the citrus maintains a greater proportion of the final product than lavender. Unusual additions include rosemary, thyme, turmeric, balsam, and melissa.

Below is an example recipe that adequately represents the minimum necessary components, in typical proportions, to allow one to make a basic version of florida water, or rather, “Aqua Florida.” This recipe comes from the Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal of September 1878. Additional notes can be blended into the bouquet if the reader desires to personalize the preparation. Proportions are given as published, but are also shown reduced to 1/32^nd of the original to allow for a personal-sized batch to be made. For those who fancy themselves an armchair druggist, the provided conversion into milliliters will permit division to any size. It should be noted that one “drop” was typically equivalent to one minim; greater accuracy to the minim is thus achieved by using a bulb dropper, rather than the drop applicator built into the necks of commercial essential oil bottles.

                                                    Original                  1/32^nd                  SU          

Oil bergamot                             4 fl. ounces              60 drops             118.4 ml

Oil lemon                                  6 fl. ounces              90 drops             177.6 ml

Oil cloves                                  6 drachms               11 drops              22.2 ml

Oil cinnamon                             6 drachms               11 drops              22.2 ml

Oil lavender                              1 fl. ounce               15 drops              29.6 ml

Alcohol (pure ethanol)              3 ½ gallons             14 fl. ounces        13,244 ml

Aqua (distilled water)                  6 pints                  3 fl. ounces          2,838 ml

Total Yeild:                               4.35 gallons         17.37 fl. ounces      16,452 ml

Mix the oils into the alcohol and shake to blend. After two days, add the water. Keep away from strong light. The blend grows better with age. For external use only.